{"id":9331,"date":"2025-03-05T17:34:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-05T09:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/?p=9331"},"modified":"2025-03-05T17:57:42","modified_gmt":"2025-03-05T09:57:42","slug":"safety-analysis-and-development-trend-of-food-packaging-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/safety-analysis-and-development-trend-of-food-packaging-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. \u1ede m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a; s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao su thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p; h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 men; h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, s\u1eaft; h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh; gi\u1ea5y bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m; m\u00e0ng composite, t\u00fai m\u00e0ng composite; tre v\u00e0 g\u1ed7; b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i lanh, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1ef1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb polyme-nh\u1ef1a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cao l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao \u0111ang l\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong 40 n\u0103m qua do nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 phong ph\u00fa, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb9p. S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"nhi\u1ec1u<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a<\/strong>
C\u00e1c monome t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ee9t (vinyl clorua, styren, phenol, cao su nitrile, formaldehyde), c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a trong nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n polyvinyl clorua (PVC) m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vinyl clorua (VCM) c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong PVC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 sau khi u\u1ed1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m PVC l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Monome vinyl clorua (VCM) t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a polyvinyl clorua c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y co m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u1edf c\u00e1c chi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0111au. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1i thai. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh oxit vinyl clorua trong gan, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng alkyl h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi DNA \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed1i u [1]. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong polystyren nh\u01b0 styren, etylbenzen, toluen v\u00e0 isopropylbenzen g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Styren c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gan v\u00e0 th\u1eadn. Polyethylene tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ea5p h\u00f2a tan trong d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f9i s\u00e1p, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, th\u1eddi gian, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bao b\u00ec nh\u1ef1a<\/strong>
Do nh\u1ef1a d\u1ec5 t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00ean d\u1ec5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.
\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a<\/strong>
M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc do Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 L\u00fd Th\u1ee5 Quang thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Y h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u th\u00f9ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7u \u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a hai ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 \u201cdibutyl phthalate (DBP)\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cdioctyl phthalate (DOP)\u201d, trong khi th\u00f9ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7u \u0103n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m do m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u, vi-r\u00fat, v.v. trong nh\u1ef1a t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p<\/strong>
T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chung. Do t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00eanh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u1ec3 che \u0111\u1eady c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn s\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7n s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 s\u01a1n, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Do c\u00e1c l\u00fd do v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ef1a th\u1ea3i y t\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ef1c<\/strong>
C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ef1c l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, nh\u1ef1a, ph\u1ee5 gia v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xem x\u00e9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qua t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c s\u1ebd th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 siloxane, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1edf m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 methanol, g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ef1c in tr\u00ean t\u00fai bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 benzen kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00fai bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u00ecn chung l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 50% \u0111\u1ebfn 60%. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng benzen qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, v.v. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng benzen qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a benzen \u0111\u1ec3 pha lo\u00e3ng m\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in bao b\u00ec nh\u1ef1a.
Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh cho m\u00e0ng composite<\/strong>
Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh polyether v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh polyurethane. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh polyether \u0111ang d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, trong khi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh polyurethane c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf hai lo\u1ea1i: aliphatic v\u00e0 aromatic. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1c dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng dung m\u00f4i theo lo\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00ean ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i [4]. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1c dung m\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i [5]. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu dung m\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cao th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. 99% ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1c dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh th\u01a1m [6]. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a isocyanat th\u01a1m. Sau khi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i t\u00fai n\u00e0y v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea5p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh amin th\u01a1m, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0. N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh d\u00f9ng trong bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi amin th\u01a1m trong bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, EU quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 10ppb.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea5y<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i gi\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m do nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i gi\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfm 40% \u0111\u1ebfn 50% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 40%. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec7 sinh, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5y c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Gi\u1ea5y tinh khi\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec7 sinh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"t\u00fai<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m do ch\u00ednh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y g\u00e2y ra<\/strong>
Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9t g\u1ed7, b\u1ed9t r\u01a1m, v.v., c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea3i t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y, v\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea3i t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 m\u1ef1c, trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec, cadmium v\u00e0 polychlorinated biphenyls v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 b\u1ecb m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c.
Ph\u1ee5 gia trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y
<\/strong>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m, ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed3, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m, v.v. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 trong gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia, thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c mg\/kg v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh [2]. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u00eca th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1eb7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y sunfat. Lu\u1eadt An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 V\u1ec7 sinh Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m hu\u1ef3nh quang ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng hu\u1ef3nh quang b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 [7]. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c formaldehyde \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ef1a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea5y.
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m do m\u1ef1c g\u00e2y ra
<\/strong>N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c in tr\u00ean bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c in l\u00f5m g\u1ed1c dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a toluene v\u00e0 xylen. \u0110\u1ec3 pha lo\u00e3ng m\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a benzen, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung m\u00f4i benzen d\u01b0 th\u1eeba qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Dung m\u00f4i benzen kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB9685, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn; th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng (ch\u00ec, cadmium, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, crom, v.v.), anilin ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f2ng ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m anilin ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2ng ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi in, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng in ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong m\u1ef1c in bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng in kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a benzen s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n
<\/strong>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m trong g\u1ea7n 200 n\u0103m. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Do \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p, d\u1ec5 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i kim lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i khi l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m k\u00e9m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit cao, c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft l\u00e0 k\u1ebdm s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m sau khi l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u00f4m ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u1ebdm, n\u1ebfu h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00edch l\u0169y m\u00e3n t\u00ednh; nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong nh\u00f4m t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf; c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn niken, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ecb \u0111en khi ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nhanh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gelatin h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi etanol, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan niken v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e3n t\u00ednh cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i chung c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh trong v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng kim lo\u1ea1i. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh trong l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e0nh trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i, tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed9p, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady bao g\u1ed3m BPA (bisphenol-A), BADGE (bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether), NOGE (phenolic varnish glycerol ether) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t epoxy bisphenol-A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i hormone m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p, g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee7y tinh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. H\u01a1n 3.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a silicat, oxit kim lo\u1ea1i, v.v. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tinh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i l\u00e0: r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n cao, s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 10% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"m\u00e1y<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y
<\/strong>N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c ion b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Sau khi n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01a1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n bao b\u00ec t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i h\u00f2a tan t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7y tinh. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y tinh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111un n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng axit lo\u00e3ng. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee7y tinh soda-v\u00f4i th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7y tinh borosilicate. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.
H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/strong>
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y tinh cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 ly r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang cao ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1edbi 30% trong ly. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y tinh.
Nguy c\u01a1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u trong k\u00ednh m\u00e0u
<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00ean trong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u cho th\u1ee7y tinh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan t\u1eeb th\u1ee7y tinh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 silicon dioxide c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5 l\u00ean men \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i trong h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5 l\u00ean men \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i trong h\u1ed9p nh\u1ef1a v\u00ec h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ed1m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5 l\u00ean men.
C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c cadmium trong l\u1edbp men tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed1m tr\u00e1ng men. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng bao b\u00ec b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng men ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i oxit kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec, k\u1ebdm, cadmium, antimon, bari, \u0111\u1ed3ng, crom v\u00e0 coban, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. G\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1000-1500 \u00b0 C. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung th\u1ea5p, men m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh silicat kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ch\u1ee9a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit (nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5m, n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y) v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n. C\u1ea3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec v\u00e0 cadmium h\u00f2a tan trong c\u00e1c bao b\u00ec b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m.
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1eafn t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t an to\u00e0n bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n [9], nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n


\u1ee6ng h\u1ed9 bao b\u00ec th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u00edt carbon
<\/strong>Trong chu\u1ed7i ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 carbon th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chung, v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean do bao b\u00ec th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m bao b\u00ec, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, carbon h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao b\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chai \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng PET polyester v\u00e0 chai \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1eefa PC trong h\u01a1n 20 l\u1ea7n, C\u00f4ng ty Wellman c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty Johnson c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 100% h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng PET t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.
X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng
<\/strong>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n th\u1ee7y tinh, kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 polyme c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i gia nh\u1eadp WTO, do thu\u1ebf quan gi\u1ea3m, thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m 60%, ng\u00e0nh bao b\u00ec nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng gi\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 3,2%, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 2,5%, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 0,5% v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 5,5%. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, bao b\u00ec gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n bao b\u00ec nh\u1ef1a (g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 2 l\u1ea7n). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t trong bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng
<\/strong>Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m, gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1i, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng (ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a), ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed1ng axit, ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u1eed m\u00f9i; v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed9 pH, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vi s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00ean t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\u0110\u1ea9y nhanh vi\u1ec7c r\u00e0 so\u00e1t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf
<\/strong>Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u0169 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 monome v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n si\u00eau d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 monome v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhanh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u1ee6y ban Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (CAC), T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO), T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (FAO)..., s\u1edbm x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.
C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m
<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea9y nhanh vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t sau ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf an to\u00e0n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu h\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GMP v\u00e0 HACCP hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t [14]. N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i n\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c GMP v\u00e0 HACCP trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho an to\u00e0n bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i.
T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p
<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c s\u1edf ban ng\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ng\u00e0nh bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thanh tra h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, thanh tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p vi ph\u1ea1m. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1edf gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a, gi\u1ea5y, kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ri\u00eang, bao g\u1ed3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y an to\u00e0n bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh bao b\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ef1a, gi\u1ea5y, kim lo\u1ea1i, v.v., c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9081,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"%%post_title%%","_seopress_titles_desc":"Discover the importance of food packaging materials in safeguarding food quality and safety.","_seopress_robots_index":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[102,103],"class_list":["post-9331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-food-packaging","tag-food-safe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9331"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9334,"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9331\/revisions\/9334"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thepackagingmachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}