Manufacturing is one of the important basic industries of the country, and the foundation of manufacturing is. It is the mother machine of many mechanical manufacturing industries, and its development level is directly related to the production capacity and manufacturing accuracy of the manufacturing industry, which is related to the development level of the national machinery industry and even the entire manufacturing industry It is the basic unit carrier of advanced manufacturing technology, and the quality, update speed, adaptability to the market, production efficiency, etc. of mechanical products largely depend on their efficiency. Therefore, the manufacturing industry plays a crucial role in a country’s economic development. China is the country with the highest output in the world According to statistics from the German Industry Association (VDW) in 2000, China ranks fifth in the world among major producing countries. However, it is still at a relatively low level of competition in the international market: even in the domestic market, it faces a severe situation: on the one hand, there is a large demand for various products in the domestic market, while on the other hand, there are many domestic stagnation pressures, and foreign products flood the market.
Classification and Function of Packaging
There are many classification methods for packaging. According to the circulation field of packaging products, there are industrial product packaging and commercial product packaging. According to the structural form of product packaging, there are inner packaging and outer packaging; It can also be classified by the variety of packaging materials or containers, as well as by the name of the packaging object or packaging item, and so on. It is meaningful to classify according to the structural form of packaging. Inner packaging is a basic form of packaging structure, which includes direct packaging and intermediate packaging. Direct packaging is a form of packaging that directly wraps or loads products using packaging materials or containers: the packaging material or container maintains direct contact with the packaged item and is the smallest packaging unit. When directly packaging, it is necessary to select packaging materials or containers, develop packaging processes, and choose or design packaging machinery and equipment according to the physical properties of the packaged items and packaging requirements. Intermediate packaging is a packaging form in which a certain number of directly packaged products are combined and then packaged again. Such as the packaging of items in boxes after bottling or bagging; Strip packaging after cigarette packet packaging; The packaging of toothpaste items after tube sealing and sealing.
With the diversification of consumer needs, especially the development of supermarkets, the importance of inner packaging has become increasingly prominent. The demand for machinery and equipment required to complete inner packaging is the highest in the packaging industry. Outer packaging is a packaging structure in which a certain amount of products, after being packaged internally, are cut into packaging boxes. Nowadays, corrugated cardboard boxes are commonly used for packaging. The main purpose of inner packaging is to promote sales and provide convenience for consumers to use. In packaging design, in addition to ensuring the material and quantity requirements of the packaging content, the important role of packaging decoration should also be emphasized. The main purpose of outer packaging is to provide assurance for circulation, storage, and transportation, requiring strong and sturdy packaging.
Packaging is a protective measure taken on the packaged material, with the main purpose of protecting the product’s value for use. Therefore, in packaging, consideration should also be given to the convenience of transportation, loading and unloading, storage and sales of items in circulation; In addition, the decoration of packaging also plays a role in beautification, promotion, and sales. Packaging processing is the final stage of product production and an important link that cannot be ignored in improving the commodity value of products.
Development direction of packaging machines
At present, the countries with high levels of packaging and machinery abroad are mainly the United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, and the United Kingdom. And Germany’s packaging machinery is in a leading position in design, manufacturing, and technical performance, In 2002, the output value of German packaging machinery reached 3.4 billion euros, with 77% of its production being exported products. In recent years, the development of packaging and machinery equipment in these countries has shown new trends.
New Trends in Packaging Machinery Design in Germany
Germany, along with the United States, Japan, and Italy, are all major countries in the world of packaging machinery. We are in a leading position in packaging machinery design, manufacturing, technical performance, and other aspects. The design of German packaging machinery is based on market research and analysis results, with the goal of striving to serve customers, especially large enterprises. To meet customer requirements, German packaging machinery manufacturers and design departments have taken various measures:
(1) The degree of process automation is increasing to improve productivity and equipment flexibility. Using a robotic arm to complete complex movements. During operation, under the control of a computer-controlled camera to capture information and monitor, the robotic arm completes the prescribed actions according to computer instructions to ensure the quality of the packaging.
(2) Improve production efficiency, reduce production costs, and maximize meeting production requirements. German packaging machinery is known for its expertise in beverage and beer filling and packaging machinery, characterized by high speed, complete sets, high degree of automation, and good reliability. Its beverage filling speed is as high as 120000 bottles/h, and the packaging speed of the small bag packaging machine is as high as 900 bags/min.
(3) Integrate product machinery and packaging machinery. Many products require direct packaging after production to improve production efficiency. The chocolate production and packaging equipment produced in Germany is controlled by a system. The key to integrating the two is to solve the problem of matching production capacity.
(4) Adapt to changes in production products, with good flexibility and adaptability. Due to fierce market competition, the cycle of product updates and replacements is becoming shorter and shorter. If the production of cosmetics changes every three years, or even every quarter, and the production volume is large, it is required that packaging machinery has good flexibility and adaptability, so that the service life of packaging machinery is much longer than the product’s service life, in order to meet the requirements of economy.
(5) The widespread use of computer simulation design techniques. With the continuous acceleration of new product development, computer simulation design technology is widely used in German packaging machinery design, greatly shortening the development and design cycle of packaging machinery.
Packaging MachineryDesign should not only focus on its ability and efficiency, but also on its economy. The so-called economy is not entirely the cost of the mechanical equipment itself, but more importantly, the operating cost, because equipment depreciation only accounts for 6% to 8% of the cost, and the rest is the operating cost.
Development Status and Trends of Domestic Packaging Machines
The packaging machinery industry in China started in the 1970s and developed rapidly in the late 1980s and mid-1990s. It has become one of the top 10 industries in the machinery industry, achieving remarkable results in both output and variety The achievements have provided strong support for the rapid development of China’s packaging industry.
At present, China has become the world’s packaging machinery One of the major industrial production and consumption countries. As a product, the meaning of packaging machinery is not only the material meaning of the product itself, but also includes three layers of meaning: formal products, invisible products, and extended products. Formal products refer to the specific form and basic functions of the packaging machine itself; Invisible products refer to the actual utility provided by packaging machines to users; Extended products refer to the quality assurance, usage guidance, and after-sales service of packaging machines. So the design of packaging machines should include: market research, schematic design, structural design, and construction drawings Design, user manual writing, and after-sales service plan, etc.
The main categories of packaging machinery design include: surveying and mapping imitation design, development design, improvement design, and series design. The production capacity of a beer filling production line is between 16000 and 40000 bottles per hour, and the number of filling valve positions in the filling machine ranges from 48, 60, 90 to 120, which belong to the series design. The design of the transition from a regular beer filling production line to a draft beer filling production line belongs to the category of improvement and development design. For packaging machines operating at medium to low speeds, we can currently conduct independent design.
High speed packaging machines, especially some advanced models, are mostly surveyed and copied from similar foreign models for domestic and series design. The main reason is that: (1) most designers have not truly mastered advanced design methods, such as the dynamic design theory and methods of high-speed packaging machinery, and cannot simulate and solve problems such as dynamic accuracy analysis of mechanisms under high-speed working conditions; (2) The integration of industry, academia, and research is not close enough, and theoretical scientific research achievements cannot be applied in practical design in a timely manner. Designers lack timely technical training. (3) The entire industry lacks macroeconomic regulation, and advantageous resources cannot be reasonably allocated and adjusted.
In the field of packaging machinery design, the vast majority of designers still use the previous design methods: (1) searching for similar models as prototypes based on the design task book; (2) referring to the prototypes to develop various technical performance indicators and usage scope; (3) Design working principle diagram and transmission system diagram; (4) Design key components and parts; (5) Design assembly drawing scheme and action cycle diagram: (6) Design component drawings, assembly drawings, and part drawings; (7) Perform strength and stiffness checks on key components in the main assembly; (8) Design control schematics, construction drawings, etc. Nowadays, some design software from domestic universities can perform finite element analysis and optimization design on commonly used mechanisms in packaging machines. Their developed CAD/CAM software for cam linkage mechanisms can already meet the ability of enterprises to independently design cam linkage mechanisms, but its application in the design of actual packaging machinery is not yet widespread. New packaging machinery is often an integrated device of machinery, electricity, and gas. By fully utilizing the latest achievements in information products and adopting separation transmission technologies such as pneumatic actuators and servo motor drives, the transmission chain of the entire machine can be greatly shortened, the structure greatly simplified, and the working accuracy and speed greatly improved. One of the key technologies is the use of synchronous control technology driven by multiple motors. Actually, mastering this technology is not difficult, it’s just that some designers don’t understand the development of packaging machinery. If in the past, packaging machinery design in China was in the stage of imitation and learning, then now we should have the awareness of innovative design.
The achievements of technology and machinery in China’s packaging industry in recent years are remarkable. It started in the late 1970s, with an annual output value of only 70-80 million yuan and only over 100 product varieties. The technical level is also relatively low. It was not until the mid-1980s to the mid-20th century that rapid development was achieved, with an annual growth rate of 20% to 30%. By the end of 1999, there were 40 major categories of packaging machinery and 1700 varieties. In 2000, the output value increased to 30 billion yuan, and the technological level also reached a higher level. The trend of scale and automation began to emerge, and equipment with complex transmission and high technological content also began to emerge. Many packaging machinery such as liquid filling machines have begun to be exported in sets.
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